make to the advancement of knowledge. Could they be jealous of attainments so far in advance of their own?

There are other yardsticks of public attainment, however. For instance, Who's Who (1956-1957). but we do not find our man therein. On the other hand we do find such men as Manfred S. Guttmacher, M.D., of Baltimore, whose long-time position as Chief Medical Officer for the Supreme Bench of that city has brought before him perhaps more homosexuals than Dr. Bergler has seen. In his book, Sexual Offenses, (New York, 1951) he writes, p. 39, "There are so manytoo many-psychiatrists, biologists, and law-makers who delude themselves and others into believing that our state of knowledge on this (homosexuality) and kindred topics is sufficient for us to dogmatize. . . ." 1000 Homosexuals is a veritable goldmine of Bergler's dogmatic delusions.

We find also in Who's Who Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey, whose careful, scientific approach to the topic of homosexuality is too well-known to need further mention, and Benjamin Karpman, M.D., Chief Psychotherapist, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C. In his massive textbook, The Sexual Offender and His Offenses, (New York, 1954), Dr. Karpman has an entire chapter titled "The Normal Pervert." It is his general conclusion, p. 456, that many a homosexual "conforms to normal standards and is more normal than many other types of human beings." In contrast, 1000 Homosexuals has a chapter "refuting" ONE's claim that there are normal homosexuals.

In the field of psychiatry, Dr. Bergler's specialty, the American Psychiatric Association (1957) does not include his name, but does list that of Blanche M. Baker, M.D., Ph. D., giving her solid educational background and impressive chronological listing of institutional and hospital experience.

Now that we have placed our man in some recognizable frame of reference it appears that the scientific and intellectual world evaluate him as the possessor of a valid medical degree, and that is about all. But, in fairness to him, let us turn to see if we may discover the content of this book, if such a term may be used. Perhaps the scientific world is yet too far behind to judge him rightly.

Alas, for the attempt! It would no more be possible in a short review to discover the content of Dr. Bergler's thought amidst the rubble of hoary Freudian shibboleths he expounds in 1000 Homosexuals, the obsessive (indeed neurotic) repetition of certain themes, the contemptuous sneering at his patients, the bragging, the cheaply journalistic flourishes, the vulgarly spicy "case histories" he cites than it would be to inventory a junk pile.

From this present book one must conclude that the man neither understands nor cares a jot for scientific methods and objectivity; that he understands little or nothing of homosexuality; that he has never "cured" a case (Let him submit his data-this he does not do); that he is little better than a shrewd mouther of phrases that persuade the unwary to part with their money; that he verges dangerously close to charlatanism.

In fact the questions must be raised as to what supervisory caution the State of New York exercises over those it licenses to practice medicine and what scientific standards the American Medical Association accepts as valid. Does the public have no official protection?

It may take a lawsuit or two to bring these questions out into the open. If so, there could hardly be a case better tailored for the purpose than that of Edmund Bergler.

-W. Dorr Legg, Director, ONE INSTITUTE